Vitiligo is an autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks melanocytes, the cells responsible for skin pigmentation.
This results in white patches on the skin. While often considered cosmetic, these patches can lead to social stigma and mental health issues, especially in visible areas like the face and arms.
The condition affects approximately 0.5% to 2% of the global population, with higher prevalence reported in specific regions like Gujarat and Rajasthan in India.